水泥排水管(guan)的(de)生(sheng)產主要(yao)采用(yong)(yong)三種成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)：離(li)心(xin)法成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、懸輥成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、擠壓法成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。這三種工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝設備方面(mian)的(de)差(cha)異主要(yao)體現在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)設備上。我國絕大(da)多數企業(ye)(ye)都采用(yong)(yong)離(li)心(xin)法。主要(yao)是(shi)此法原理簡(jian)單明了，易于(yu)理解，設備操作及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)參數都易于(yu)掌握，但該法也有(you)(you)明顯的(de)缺(que)陷。一些鄉鎮(zhen)企業(ye)(ye)或個體私營企業(ye)(ye)采用(yong)(yong)簡(jian)陋(lou)的(de)立式澆注、手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)插搗成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，生(sheng)產的(de)水泥管質量低劣，使用(yong)(yong)到市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中，留下相當的(de)隱患(huan)。這種簡(jian)陋(lou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)逐漸被取(qu)締、淘汰。進入九(jiu)十年(nian)代，少數企業(ye)(ye)引進了懸輥式水泥制管機生(sheng)產排(pai)水管。在(zai)大(da)口徑排(pai)水管的(de)生(sheng)產中，已有(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)開始(shi)采用(yong)(yong)立式振動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。

在三種典型(xing)(xing)的成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)中，離(li)心(xin)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)的應用(yong)普遍。成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)設(she)備主要由水泥管(guan)模具(ju)(ju)和離(li)心(xin)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)組成(cheng)。其原理是(shi)利用(yong)混凝土混合(he)(he)(he)料隨模具(ju)(ju)作高速旋轉，從而(er)使(shi)混合(he)(he)(he)料獲得離(li)心(xin)力進而(er)達到密(mi)實(shi)。該工(gong)藝(yi)的特點(dian)是(shi)：混凝土混合(he)(he)(he)料采用(yong)塌落(luo)度(du)高的流(liu)動性(xing)混凝土，可采用(yong)自落(luo)式攪拌(ban)機(ji)拌(ban)合(he)(he)(he)，硬(ying)化混凝土出現明顯的外(wai)分層現象，混凝土密(mi)實(shi)度(du)高，抗滲性(xing)能優良。但生(sheng)(sheng)產過程中噪音大(da)，高速離(li)心(xin)對水泥漿流(liu)失(shi)多，產生(sheng)(sheng)的廢漿污染環境(jing)衛生(sheng)(sheng)，且易出現合(he)(he)(he)縫漏漿。

在(zai)懸輥法(fa)制管(guan)工藝中，成型(xing)設備(bei)主要有水泥管(guan)模(mo)具、懸輥機和喂料(liao)機組成。其原理是：穿(chuan)過模(mo)具的(de)輥軸高速旋轉(zhuan)并帶(dai)動(dong)模(mo)具高速旋轉(zhuan)，模(mo)具內投入的(de)超量混(hun)(hun)合料(liao)在(zai)輥軸輥壓下也隨模(mo)具旋轉(zhuan)。因此，有三種機械力--離(li)(li)心力、振(zhen)動(dong)力、輥壓力綜合作(zuo)用(yong)于混(hun)(hun)凝土混(hun)(hun)合料(liao)，能在(zai)短時間內使混(hun)(hun)合料(liao)達到密實(shi)。該法(fa)要求混(hun)(hun)凝土混(hun)(hun)合料(liao)是干(gan)硬性的(de)，須(xu)選用(yong)強(qiang)制式攪(jiao)拌機拌合，成型(xing)周期短，生產(chan)效率高，混(hun)(hun)凝土密實(shi)度(du)高，生產(chan)過程中無廢漿污染，噪(zao)音小，生產(chan)的(de)排水管(guan)尺寸偏差小，但內壁光滑度(du)不如(ru)離(li)(li)心管(guan)。

擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(或稱(cheng)(cheng)立式(shi)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa))制管(guan)工藝應(ying)用較(jiao)早，起初主要成型素水泥(ni)管(guan)。又分為(wei)(wei)立式(shi)徑(jing)(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)和(he)立式(shi)軸向(xiang)(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)。徑(jing)(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)的(de)原(yuan)理是：混(hun)凝(ning)土混(hun)合(he)料進入(ru)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)后，隨(sui)輥(gun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭上的(de)葉(xie)片(pian)高速旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)而產生離心(xin)力，被拋出均布(bu)在模(mo)(mo)具(ju)內壁上，輥(gun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭邊(bian)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)邊(bian)提(ti)起，混(hun)合(he)料經輥(gun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭上的(de)小輥(gun)和(he)輥(gun)頭的(de)徑(jing)(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而致密(mi)。因為(wei)(wei)混(hun)凝(ning)土的(de)密(mi)實主要來源(yuan)于(yu)輥(gun)軸沿模(mo)(mo)具(ju)直徑(jing)(jing)方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力，因此(ci)稱(cheng)(cheng)徑(jing)(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)。軸向(xiang)(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)的(de)原(yuan)理是：混(hun)凝(ning)土混(hun)合(he)料進入(ru)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)后，隨(sui)著輥(gun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭邊(bian)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)邊(bian)提(ti)升，由(you)安裝(zhuang)在輥(gun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭邊(bian)上的(de)螺旋(xuan)(xuan)葉(xie)片(pian)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)密(mi)實。由(you)于(yu)螺旋(xuan)(xuan)葉(xie)片(pian)是沿模(mo)(mo)具(ju)軸線方向(xiang)(xiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實混(hun)凝(ning)土，因此(ci)稱(cheng)(cheng)軸向(xiang)(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)。立式(shi)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)工藝設備簡單，投資少、占地少，適宜生產小口徑(jing)(jing)排水管(guan)。

新近(jin)出現(xian)的(de)立(li)式(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)動工(gong)藝在(zai)大型鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)排(pai)水管(guan)生產中(zhong)得到的(de)成功應用。由(you)于這種大型水泥管(guan)敷設(she)采(cai)用頂管(guan)推進工(gong)藝，因此(ci)管(guan)體(ti)混(hun)凝土(tu)抗壓強度(du)要求高，混(hun)凝土(tu)設(she)計標號(hao)不低于0。混(hun)凝土(tu)混(hun)合(he)料(liao)采(cai)用立(li)式(shi)澆注(zhu)(zhu)，要求塌落度(du)9-12cm，因此(ci)必須(xu)合(he)理選擇(ze)適宜的(de)外加(jia)劑。這種大口徑(jing)管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)體(ti)積達3-4m3，混(hun)合(he)料(liao)澆注(zhu)(zhu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)必須(xu)邊(bian)澆注(zhu)(zhu)邊(bian)振(zhen)(zhen)動，排(pai)除空氣(qi)，使(shi)混(hun)凝土(tu)密實度(du)提(ti)高。該工(gong)藝的(de)主(zhu)要特點(dian)是(shi)采(cai)用內(nei)外套模、插入式(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)搗、外加(jia)劑。成型后可立(li)即(ji)脫模，加(jia)快模具周轉。

以上內容由水(shui)(shui)泥排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)廠家提供，感謝您的閱讀！